Parakrama Samudra

  Parakrama Samudra

Parakrama Samudra, also known as the Sea of Parakrama, is an ancient irrigation reservoir in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. It is one of the most remarkable examples of ancient hydraulic engineering and a testament to the ingenuity of Sri Lanka’s ancient civilizations.

Key Facts About Parakrama Samudra

1. History and Construction

• Built during the reign of King Parakramabahu I (1153–1186 CE), the reservoir reflects the king's famous philosophy: "Let not even a drop of rainwater go to the sea without benefiting man."
• It is named "Samudra" (meaning "sea") because of its vast expanse, resembling an ocean.

2. Size and Capacity

• The reservoir spans approximately 2,500 hectares (6,100 acres) and has a capacity of about 134 million cubic meters of water.
• It is a collection of three smaller reservoirs merged into one large body of water: Topa Wewa, Eramudu Wewa, and Dumbutulu Wewa.

3. Engineering Marvel

• Parakrama Samudra features an intricate system of canals, sluices, and spillways that irrigates the surrounding agricultural lands.
• The reservoir supports paddy cultivation, providing water for thousands of hectares, ensuring food security for the region.

4. Scenic and Cultural Significance

• The reservoir is surrounded by lush greenery and is a haven for birds, making it a popular spot for nature lovers and photographers.
• Nearby historical sites, such as the ancient city of Polonnaruwa, add to its cultural importance.

5. Modern-Day Relevance

• Parakrama Samudra continues to play a vital role in Sri Lanka's agriculture and water management.
• It is also a popular destination for tourists exploring the Polonnaruwa area, offering boat rides and serene views.

Parakrama Samudra (Sea of Parakrama) is a massive ancient reservoir in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, celebrated for its historical significance, engineering brilliance, and scenic beauty. Constructed during the reign of King Parakramabahu I (1153–1186 CE), it exemplifies the advanced hydraulic engineering of ancient Sri Lanka and the king's vision of water conservation.

Key Features of Parakrama Samudra

1. Historical Significance:

   • Built as part of an extensive irrigation network, Parakrama Samudra was designed to store rainwater and channel it to surrounding farmlands, ensuring agricultural prosperity even during dry seasons.
   • King Parakramabahu’s famous decree, “Let not even a drop of rainwater go to the sea without benefiting man,” reflects the purpose of this reservoir.

2. Structure and Layout:

   • Despite its name, Parakrama Samudra is not a natural sea but a vast man-made lake.
   • It spans over 12.5 square kilometers (4.8 square miles), with an impressive capacity of about 134 million cubic meters.
   • The reservoir is fed by multiple streams and channels, and its dam stretches approximately 14 kilometers.

3. Divisions:

   • The reservoir consists of five interconnected smaller tanks: Thopa Wewa, Eramudu Wewa, Dumbutulu Wewa, Kalahagala Wewa, and Bhu Wewa. These collectively form the larger Parakrama Samudra.

4. Modern Importance:

   • It remains vital for irrigation, supplying water to thousands of hectares of farmland in the region.
   • It also serves as a source of drinking water and supports local fisheries.

5. Scenic Beauty:

   • Surrounded by lush greenery and offering spectacular sunsets, the reservoir is a popular spot for tourists and locals alike.
   • The view of the ancient Polonnaruwa city ruins across its waters adds a unique charm.

6. Wildlife:

   • Parakrama Samudra is home to diverse flora and fauna. Birds such as cormorants, herons, and pelicans are commonly spotted, making it a haven for birdwatchers.

Visiting Parakrama Samudra

The reservoir is easily accessible from Polonnaruwa town, and visitors can enjoy activities like:

• Boating
• Birdwatching
• Relaxing by the tranquil waters